This resource describes a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of a case management intervention called V1SAGES (Vulnerable Patients in Primary Care: Nurse Case Management and Self-management Support) on psychological distress and patient activation among patients with chronic disease and complex care needs.

• The intervention consisted of evaluation of patient needs and resources; an individualized service plan; care coordination among the health care and community partners; and self-management support for patients and their families.
• According to the quantitative results, compared with usual care, the intervention reduced psychological distress, but did not have any significant effect on patient activation.
• Subsequent in-depth interviews suggested that patients and their spouses gained a sense of security, and stakeholders noted better patient self-management of health.
• Together, the study’s quantitative and qualitative results suggest that case management reduces psychological distress, making patients and caregivers feel more secure, whereas impact on self-management is unclear.